primary structure of protein download free

The protein chain is coiled into a right-handed or left-handed helix with a single helix length of 3.6 amino acid residues. The most common secondary structures include the alpha-helix and the beta-folded sheet. Secondary Structure The secondary structure is conditioned by the formation of hydrogen bridges' between the NH– and C=O groups of the peptide bond. The amino acids of the chain are connected to each other by peptide bonds. Primary Structure Primary structure is determined by the sequence of amino acids in the protein chain. We can distinguish several structures in the protein molecule: Nucleoproteins - containing bound nucleic acids.Chromoproteins - containing pigment as a prosthetic group, for example hemoglobin, cytochromes or myoglobin.Metalloproteins - containing a metal ion (Fe, Cu), for example ferritin or transferrin.Glycoproteins - containing a glycosidically bound carbohydrate.Complex proteins Ĭomplex proteins contain, in addition to the protein part, another non-protein structure. They are therefore soluble in water, eg albumin. The globular protein chain has a spherical shape allowing the hydrophobic parts of the molecule to wrap inside. Examples of fibrillar proteins are collagen or keratin, found in hair, skin or nails. Individual peptide chains are interconnected by crosslinks so that they form parallel fibers.

We distinguish:įibrillar proteins, insoluble in water, mainly perform structural functions. Simple proteins contain chains made up of only ' amino acids. Protein Classification Proteins can be divided into two basic groups according to their composition. Peptides are shorter chains of amino acids than proteins (less than 100) and have a molecular weight of less than 10,000. Polycondensation creates a chain of different lengths of amino acids terminated on one side by a free amino group, the ``N-end, and on the opposite side by a free carboxyl group, the C-end. It connects the amino group of one amino acid and the carboxyl group of the other amino acid by a simple covalent bond. Proteins are macromolecular organic substances formed by a chain of amino acids' connected to each other peptide bond. This article has been translated from WikiSkripta ready for the editor's review.

Primary structure of protein download free